MRNA VACCINES: BENEFITS AND POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS IN MODERN IMMUNIZATION

Abstract

mRNA vaccines represent an advancement in immunization, using genetic material to stimulate the production of proteins that trigger an effective immune response. This technology offers advantages such as rapid production, biological safety, and agile adaptation to viral variants. The study aimed to analyze the benefits and challenges of mRNA vaccines in modern immunization. An integrative review was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, with a 10-year time frame and no language restrictions. A total of 115 articles were identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, five studies were selected for detailed analysis. The results showed that mRNA vaccines offer advantages over traditional ones, including rapid production, a strong immune response, and flexibility for different pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and even cancer. However, RNA instability, the need for storage at very low temperatures, and potential immune reactions remain challenges to be overcome. It is concluded that these vaccines are promising but require further research to improve their stability, transport, and global distribution.