THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT STRESS ON THE REPRODUCTION OF SHEEP AND GOATS

Abstract

The influence of heat stress on the reproduction of sheep and goats has become increasingly relevant due to climate change and its impacts on animal production. This study aimed to analyze how increased environmental temperatures affect the physiological and reproductive aspects of these small ruminants. A narrative review was conducted based on scientific articles and academic studies addressing physiological changes caused by heat stress, with an integrated analysis of biological and productive data. The results indicate that, despite the high adaptability of these species to adverse conditions, heat stress significantly impairs reproductive performance. In males, reductions in ejaculate volume, decreased sperm motility, increased sperm abnormalities, reduced libido, and testicular degeneration are observed. In females, there is a decline in embryo quality and quantity, especially during periods of high temperatures, as well as hormonal changes that affect ovulation. These effects are associated with the suppression of essential hormones such as GnRH, LH, and FSH, compromising the reproductive axis. It is concluded that, although sheep and goats are resistant to heat, thermal stress negatively impacts reproductive efficiency in both males and females of these species.