AVIAN INFLUENZA AND CLIMATE CHANGE: IMPACTS OF MIGRATORY ROUTES ON ONE HEALTH SURVEILLANCE

Abstract

Avian influenza is a viral zoonosis of significant public health relevance, characterized by wide geographic distribution, a high mutation rate, and the potential for interspecies transmission. The present study aimed to analyze the dissemination dynamics of this disease, as well as the role of migratory birds, climate change, and the One Health approach. This is a bibliographic review conducted using databases such as SciELO and Google Scholar, in addition to official documents. Descriptors related to avian influenza, H5N1, migratory birds, climate change, and epidemiological surveillance were employed. Through this review, the fundamental role of migratory birds in the spread of the virus is highlighted, while climate change is identified as a major factor influencing alterations in migratory routes. This, in turn, leads to the geographic expansion of the virus and promotes contact between domestic and wild birds, consequently increasing its dissemination. This process elevates not only the risk to animals but also to humans, given its zoonotic nature. The results demonstrate that migratory wild birds act as important reservoirs and disseminators of the virus, contributing to its introduction into new regions.