MPOX IN THE SPOTLIGHT: ANALYSIS OF VIRAL SPREAD, HEALTH IMPACTS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CONTROL PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by a virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, gaining increasing visibility and relevance to global public health due to its new variants and its ability to spread. This study aimed to analyze the most recent characteristics of the disease, including its mode of dissemination, clinical aspects, and prophylactic measures. This is a qualitative study, developed through bibliographic reviews, using the Scielo, PubMed, Google Scholar databases and guidelines from official bodies. The results indicated the coexistence of different viral lineages (Clades I and II), highlighting the emergence of clade Ib, which presents greater pathogenicity potential and a change in the epidemiological profile, becoming predominantly transmitted sexually between humans. In Brazil, a stabilization of cases was observed in 2023 after the 2022 outbreak, with a higher prevalence in the Southeast region and in males. The study reinforces that, although there are no specific medications registered in the country, management focuses on supportive treatment and prophylactic measures from a One Health perspective.