DESCRIPTIVE AND SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF FELINE RABIES CASES IN BRAZIL (1999–2025)

Abstract

Rabies is a highly lethal zoonotic disease whose epidemiological dynamics involve the interface between urban and wildlife cycles, with a relevant role of domestic cats. This study described the temporal and spatial distribution of feline rabies cases in Brazil from 1999 to 2025, considering a One Health perspective. A descriptive ecological study was conducted using secondary data obtained from the official animal health information system. Absolute and relative frequencies were analyzed, including time-series construction and spatial distribution by federal units. A total of 387 cases were recorded, with a higher concentration between 1999 and 2002, accounting for 58.8% of occurrences. A progressive decline was observed over time, with sporadic cases in recent years. Spatial analysis revealed a high proportion of cases without geographic identification (77.8%), limiting regional inferences. Among identified states, São Paulo, Pernambuco, and Ceará showed the highest frequencies. The findings indicate progress in disease control; however, the persistence of cases and data limitations highlight the need to strengthen surveillance within a One Health framework.