POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CAUSES

Abstract

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental disorder in the maternal context, affecting approximately 10% to 20% of women in Brazil, according to data from the Ministry of Health. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, irritability, anxiety, and fatigue, potentially compromising maternal health and infant development. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the biological, psychological, and social causes of PPD, based on Brazilian literature. The methodology adopted was a qualitative bibliographic review using articles indexed in SciELO, LILACS, and BVS databases published between 2015 and 2024. Results reveal that hormonal factors, such as the abrupt drop in estrogen and progesterone levels, are closely linked to PPD development (Moraes et al., 2017). Additionally, personal history of psychiatric disorders, low self-esteem, and stressful events increase women’s psychological vulnerability (Ferrari et al., 2020). In the social field, lack of family support, poor socioeconomic conditions, and the burden of maternal functions stand out as aggravating elements (Santos; Silva, 2018). It is concluded that a multidisciplinary approach and the implementation of public policies focused on psychosocial support are essential for effective prevention and treatment of PPD in Brazil.