RHEUMATOLOGICAL DISEASES AND CARDIOVASCULAR COMORBIDITIES: PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Abstract

Rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, are frequently associated with cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. These conditions increase patient morbidity and mortality, making therapeutic approaches and prevention essential. The aim of this research was to analyze strategies for preventing and managing cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with rheumatic diseases, considering the interaction between the pathologies and the clinical approaches adopted. The review of clinical evidence and randomized trials indicated that strict control of inflammatory activity in rheumatic diseases is crucial to reduce cardiovascular risk. Immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate and TNF inhibitors, have shown efficacy in decreasing inflammation and, consequently, in preventing cardiovascular events. In addition, the implementation of lifestyle modification strategies, such as regular physical activity, adoption of an anti-inflammatory diet, and smoking control, are essential for integrated management. The findings confirmed that the elevated cardiovascular risk in rheumatic patients can be mitigated by early and continuous interventions. It is concluded that adequate management of rheumatic diseases, associated with strict control of cardiovascular risk factors, is crucial to improve the quality of life and reduce mortality in these patients.